Senso mistico e senso letterale nel Commento a Giobbe di Nachmanide

Savino, Daniele (2024) Senso mistico e senso letterale nel Commento a Giobbe di Nachmanide. Doctor Virtualis, 19. pp. 105-131. ISSN 2035-7362

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Abstract

[IT] Il Commento al Libro di Giobbe di Mosè Nachmanide rappresenta un ideale corollario antropologico ed escatologico al suo imponente Commento alla Torah. Esponente di spicco della comunità ebraica di Gerona e della locale scuola cabalistica, dove agli insegnamenti del provenzale Isacco il Cieco si associano elementi provenienti dalla tradizione talmudica, ellenistica e araba, Nachmanide propone una lettura esoterico-cabalistica di Giobbe volta a confutare l’apparente inconciliabilità ontologica tra l’esperienza del dolore individuale e l’ordine di un cosmo plasmato nella caligine demiurgica delle origini. Dopo aver spiegato, con linguaggio allusivo e in stile midrashico, la natura dell’anima e l’origine del male, Nachmanide mostra come la protesta di Giobbe, il giusto che apparentemente soffre ingiustamente, rappresenti una dissonanza destinata a risolversi nella superiore armonia del tutto: è questo il grande mistero dell’esistenza individuale, un mistero che riecheggia nel silenzio di Giobbe ammonito da Dio e che si svela unicamente a quegli iniziati che, come Elihu, critico di Giobbe e dei suoi tre amici, miopi consolatori, sono stati scelti quali depositari della più antica saggezza. Nahmanides’ Commentary on the Book of Job constitutes an ideal anthropological and eschatological corollary of his monumental Commentary on the Torah. A leading figure of the Girona’s Jewish community and of its kabbalistic school, where the teachings of the Provençal master Isaac the Blind were enriched with elements of the Talmudic, Hellenistic and Arabic traditions, Nahmanides outlines a kabbalistic esoteric interpretation of Job designed to reject the seeming ontological irreconcilability between the individual experience of suffering and the ordered system of a universe forged in the demiurgic night of the origins. After explaining, in allusive language and midrashic style, the nature of human soul and the origin of evil, Nahmanides proves that Job’s protest, the protest of a just man suffering unjustly, is nothing but a dissonance destined to resolve itself into the superior harmony of the creation. This is the great mystery of individual existence, a mystery that echoes in the silence of Job, warned by God, and that unveils itself only to those initiates who, like Elihu critic of Job and of his three friends, who are merely short-sighted consolers, have been chosen as depositaries of the most ancient wisdom. / [EN] Nahmanides’ Commentary on the Book of Job constitutes an ideal anthropological and eschatological corollary of his monumental Commentary on the Torah. A leading figure of the Girona’s Jewish community and of its kabbalistic school, where the teachings of the Provençal master Isaac the Blind were enriched with elements of the Talmudic, Hellenistic and Arabic traditions, Nahmanides outlines a kabbalistic esoteric interpretation of Job designed to reject the seeming ontological irreconcilability between the individual experience of suffering and the ordered system of a universe forged in the demiurgic night of the origins. After explaining, in allusive language and midrashic style, the nature of human soul and the origin of evil, Nahmanides proves that Job’s protest, the protest of a just man suffering unjustly, is nothing but a dissonance destined to resolve itself into the superior harmony of the creation. This is the great mystery of individual existence, a mystery that echoes in the silence of Job, warned by God, and that unveils itself only to those initiates who, like Elihu critic of Job and of his three friends, who are merely short-sighted consolers, have been chosen as depositaries of the most ancient wisdom.

Tipologia del documento:	Articolo in rivista
Parole chiave:	Nahmanides; Job; eschatology; exegesis; metempsychosis; Kabbalah; Nachmanide; Giobbe; escatologia; esegesi; metempsicosi; Cabala
Soggetto:	D History General and Old World > D History (General) > D111 Medieval History B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > B Philosophy (General)
Depositato il:	21 Ago 2026 21:50
Ultima modifica:	22 Ago 2026 14:27
URI:	https://www.rmoa.unina.it/id/eprint/8652

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